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David M. Cvet - Art of Longsword Combat
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David M. Cvet - Art of Longsword Combat
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English
151 pages
6.8 MB
6.8 MB
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Table of Contents FORWARD .................................................................................................................................................................. 10
TRAINING OVERVIEW......................................................................................................................................... 11
TRAINING OBJECTIVES: ........................................................................................................................................... 11
BASIC PRINCIPLES.................................................................................................................................................... 12
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS............................................................................................................................................. 13
TRAINING PROGRAM STRUCTURE............................................................................................................... 14
1.0 EXERCISE FORMS............................................................................................................................................... 14
2.0 OTHER WEAPONS TRAINING............................................................................................................................ 15
3.0 DEPLOYMENT OF STRIKES AND GUARDS........................................................................................................ 15
4.0 FOLGEN (SWORD DRILLS)................................................................................................................................ 15
5.0 REIHENFOLGEN (SWORD SEQUENCES)............................................................................................................ 16
6.0 FECHTEN (FIGHTING ENGAGEMENTS).............................................................................................................16
RANKING AND SKILL COMPETENCY .......................................................................................................... 17
RANKS AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES............................................................................................................................ 18 ...............................................................................................................................................................................18
Attributes of a Recruit...................................................................................................................................... 18
Responsibilities of a Recruit ............................................................................................................................. 18
Skill Development and Training Specifications for Recruit ............................................................................. 19 Theoretical:................................................................................................................................................. 19
Martial: ....................................................................................................................................................... 19
Recruit Training Points .................................................................................................................................... 19 ...............................................................................................................................................................................20
Attributes of Scholler....................................................................................................................................... 20
Responsibilities of a Scholler........................................................................................................................... 20
Requirements to obtain Scholler Designation................................................................................................... 20
Skill Development and Training Specifications for Scholler........................................................................... 21 Theoretical:................................................................................................................................................. 21
Martial: ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
Scholler Training Points .............................................................................................................................. 21 ...............................................................................................................................................................................22
Attributes of Free Scholler............................................................................................................................... 22
Responsibilities of a Free Scholler.................................................................................................................... 22
Requirements to obtain Free Scholler Designation........................................................................................... 23
Skill Development and Training Specifications for Free Scholler................................................................... 23 Theoretical:................................................................................................................................................. 23
Martial: ....................................................................................................................................................... 23
Free Scholler Training Points ...................................................................................................................... 23 ...............................................................................................................................................................................24
Attributes of a Provost..................................................................................................................................... 24
Responsibilities of Provost............................................................................................................................... 24
Requirements to obtain Provost Designation.................................................................................................... 25
The Art of Longsword Combat – Book #1 NOT FOR RE-SALE Copyright Ó 2001 A.E.M.M.A. 5 6/26/01 ...............................................................................................................................................................................26
Criteria of the Candidate for the rank of Maestro ............................................................................................. 26
OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS REFERENCED ........................................................... 27
FIORE DEI LIBERI, 1410........................................................................................................................................... 27
"UNKNOWN”, C1470 ............................................................................................................................................... 28
HANS TALHOFFER, 1467 ......................................................................................................................................... 28
CAMILLO AGRIPPA, 1568........................................................................................................................................ 30
GIACOMO DI GRASSI, 1594..................................................................................................................................... 30
VINCENTIO SAVIOLO, 1595 .................................................................................................................................... 30
GEORGE SILVER, 1599 ............................................................................................................................................ 31
JAKOB SUTOR, 1612 ................................................................................................................................................ 31
MESS. H. ANGELO AND SON, 1790........................................................................................................................ 32
ALFRED HUTTON, 1889........................................................................................................................................... 32
ALFRED HUTTON, 1892........................................................................................................................................... 32
BRIEF HISTORY OF ARMOUR.......................................................................................................................... 33
11TH CENTURY ARMS AND ARMOUR (TO APPROXIMATELY 1066 AD) ............................................................. 33
12TH CENTURY ARMS AND ARMOUR (TO APPROXIMATELY 1180 AD) ............................................................. 34
13TH CENTURY ARMS AND ARMOUR (TO APPROXIMATELY 1275 AD) ............................................................. 35
14TH CENTURY ARMS AND ARMOUR (TO APPROXIMATELY 1385 AD) ............................................................. 36
15TH CENTURY ARMS AND ARMOUR (TO APPROXIMATELY 1499 AD) ............................................................. 37
ARMOUR NOMENCLATURE............................................................................................................................. 38
ANATOMY OF THE SWORD ............................................................................................................................... 40
PHYSICS OF THE SWORD.......................................................................................................................................... 41
Center of Percussion .........................................................................................................................................41
Balance Point from Guard ...............................................................................................................................41
THE GRIP FOR THE LONGSWORD ................................................................................................................. 41
THEORY AND HISTORY...................................................................................................................................... 43
1) Fiore dei Liberi – 1410...............................................................................................................................43
2) Hans Talhoffer – 1467.................................................................................................................................43
3) Giacomo di Grassi – 1594...........................................................................................................................44
4) George Silver – 1599...................................................................................................................................44
The Four True Times ....................................................................................................................................... 45
The Four False Times ...................................................................................................................................... 45
The Four Grounds............................................................................................................................................ 45
The Four Governors ......................................................................................................................................... 45
5) Sigmund Ringeck – c1389 – 1440..............................................................................................................46 Footwork.......................................................................................................................................................... 46
Tactical Basics ................................................................................................................................................. 47
1.0 GRAPPLING (ABRAZARE ) TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................ 49 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................... 49
1.1 GENERAL GRAPPLING FUNDAMENTALS........................................................................................................ 49
1.1.1 Neck & Elbow Hold (L & R).................................................................................................................50
1.1.2 Diagonal Hold (L & R)..........................................................................................................................50
1.1.3 Back Hold................................................................................................................................................50
1.1.4 Belt Hold..................................................................................................................................................51
1.1.5 Grappling Drills......................................................................................................................................51
Level #1............................................................................................................................................................ 51
The Art of Longsword Combat – Book #1 NOT FOR RE-SALE Copyright Ó 2001 A.E.M.M.A. 6 6/26/01 Level #2............................................................................................................................................................ 52
Level #3............................................................................................................................................................ 52
1.1.6 Fundamental Throws .............................................................................................................................52
Hip/Thigh Throw (L/R)................................................................................................................................... 52
Under-arm Gravity Throw (L/R)...................................................................................................................... 53
1.2 ABRAZARE TECHNIQUES................................................................................................................................. 54
1.2.1 Four Guards (quattro posta).................................................................................................................54
1.2.2 Abrazare – Master #1 (wrestling techniques) ..................................................................................56
1.2.3 Abrazare – Master #2 (counter techniques) ......................................................................................57
1.2.4 Abrazare – Master #3 (more counter techniques)............................................................................60
1.3 TRANSITIONAL TRAINING............................................................................................................................... 61
2.0 DAGGER (DAGA) TECHNIQUES ................................................................................................................ 62 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................... 62
1) dagger attack è ward and strike...............................................................................................................62
2) dagger attack è ward and throw..............................................................................................................62
3) dagger attack è ward, disarm and strike................................................................................................63
3.0 LONGSWORD (SPADA LONGA) TECHNIQUES ..................................................................................... 64
3.1 FOOTWORK........................................................................................................................................................ 64
George Silver, 1599......................................................................................................................................... 64
Giacomo Di Grassi, 1594................................................................................................................................. 65
1) Basic Footwork & Stance...........................................................................................................................65
1. Proper and stable stance, foot placement...................................................................................................... 65
2. Passing (pass) step ....................................................................................................................................... 66
3. Gathered step................................................................................................................................................ 66
4. Traverse (slope step).................................................................................................................................... 67
2) Footwork drills.............................................................................................................................................68
3) Sword Handling............................................................................................................................................68
3.2 INTRODUCTION TO STRIKES AND GUARDS.................................................................................................... 69
3.3 THE GUARDS (POSTA) ...................................................................................................................................... 70
3.3.1 High Guard ..............................................................................................................................................71
3.3.2 Middle Guard...........................................................................................................................................72
3.3.3 Low Guard ...............................................................................................................................................73
Half Iron Gate (porta di ferro mezana)............................................................................................................. 74
Full Iron Gate (tutta porta di ferro).................................................................................................................. 74
Half Boar's Tooth (denti di cinghiale mezana)................................................................................................. 75
Full Boar's Tooth (tutta denti di cinghiale)....................................................................................................... 75
3.3.4 Hanging Guard........................................................................................................................................76
Guard of the Window....................................................................................................................................... 77
Guard of the Woman........................................................................................................................................ 78
3.3.5 Long Guard ..............................................................................................................................................79
3.3.6 Tail Guard ................................................................................................................................................80
3.3.7 Two-horned Guard .................................................................................................................................81
3.4 THE STRIKES (COLPI)....................................................................................................................................... 82
3.4.1 Downward Vertical Strike.......................................................................................................................82
Variation of the downward vertical cut............................................................................................................. 83
Alternative starting guards for the downward vertical strike............................................................................ 84
High Guard....................................................................................................................................................... 84
Low Guard ....................................................................................................................................................... 84
Hanging Guard ................................................................................................................................................. 84
Tail Guard ........................................................................................................................................................ 84
3.4.2: Oblique Downward Strike......................................................................................................................85
Variations of the Oblique Downward Strike..................................................................................................... 86
Alternative starting guards for the oblique downward strike............................................................................ 86
High Guard....................................................................................................................................................... 87
Low Guard ....................................................................................................................................................... 87
Hanging Guard ................................................................................................................................................. 87
Tail Guard ........................................................................................................................................................ 87
The Art of Longsword Combat – Book #1 NOT FOR RE-SALE Copyright Ó 2001 A.E.M.M.A. 7 6/26/01 3.4.3: Horizontal Strike.....................................................................................................................................88
Variations of the Horizontal Strike................................................................................................................... 89
Alternative starting guards for the horizontal strike ......................................................................................... 89
High Guard....................................................................................................................................................... 90
Low Guard ....................................................................................................................................................... 90
Hanging Guard ................................................................................................................................................. 90
Tail Guard ........................................................................................................................................................ 90
3.4.4: Oblique Upward Strike..........................................................................................................................91
Variations of the Oblique Upward Strike ......................................................................................................... 92
Alternative starting guards for the oblique upward strike................................................................................. 92
High Guard....................................................................................................................................................... 93
Low Guard ....................................................................................................................................................... 93
Hanging Guard ................................................................................................................................................. 93
Tail Guard ........................................................................................................................................................ 93
3.4.5: Upward Vertical Strike..........................................................................................................................94
4.0 SOLO TRAINING EXERCISES ..................................................................................................................... 95
4.1 SWORD CONTROL - "THE PIPE”........................................................................................................................ 95
4.2 CUTTING EXERCISE WITH SHARPS AND PELL................................................................................................. 96
4.3 HORIZONTAL TEST CUTTING USING A PELL..................................................................................................... 97
4.4 THE "MOULINET”............................................................................................................................................. 98
4.5 SPATIAL AWARENESS TRAINING................................................................................................................... 100
The Gauntlet.....................................................................................................................................................100
5.0 PAIRS -ORIENTED TRAINING – FOLGEN (DRILLS)....................................................................... 101 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 101
5.1: PHASE 1 (SINGLE STRIKE è SINGLE WARD – WITH RESET )...................................................................... 102
Downward vertical strike (1) - guard of the window left/right ................................................................103
Oblique downward strike right (2) - guard of the window right..............................................................104
Horizontal strike (3) - middle guard............................................................................................................105
Oblique upward strike (4) – tooth of the boar............................................................................................106
Oblique upward strike (6) – guard of the half iron gate..........................................................................107
Horizontal strike (7) - middle guard............................................................................................................107
oblique downward strike (8) - guard of the window..................................................................................108
Alternative Starting Guards..........................................................................................................................108
5.2: PHASE 2 (DOUBLE CUT è DOUBLE GUARD – WITH RESET )...................................................................... 110
Next Anchor Point......................................................................................................................................... 116
5.3: PHASE 3 (RECIPROCAL EXCHANGE OFFENSE è DEFENSE) ....................................................................... 119
IN CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................... 126
Note from AEMMA....................................................................................................................................... 126
APPENDIX A - TRAINING OPENING AND CLOSURE............................................................................ 127
FORMAL TRAINING OPENING............................................................................................................................... 127
FORMAL TRAINING CLOSURE............................................................................................................................... 128
APPENDIX B - SUGGESTED AND EXAMPLE WARM-UPS EXERCISES ........................................ 129
B.1 INITIALIZATION OF THE PRACTICE ............................................................................................................... 129
B.2 INITIAL POSITIONING AND EXERCISE START.............................................................................................. 129
B.3 HAND/WRIST EXERCISES............................................................................................................................... 130
Exercise 1: Finger-hand flexibility - "finger whip”..................................................................................130
Exercise 2: Hand-wrist flexibility - "wrist twist”.......................................................................................130
Exercise 3: Hand strength enhancement - "5-finger spread” ................................................................. 130
Exercise 4: Hand strength enhancement - "finger clap”..........................................................................131
B.4 HEAD/NECK EXERCISES................................................................................................................................. 131
Exercise 1: Head-neck flexibility - "neck stretch”.....................................................................................131
Exercise 2: Neck strengthening - "neck isometric” - optional................................................................131
The Art of Longsword Combat – Book #1 NOT FOR RE-SALE Copyright Ó 2001 A.E.M.M.A. 8 6/26/01 B.5 UPPER BODY EXERCISES............................................................................................................................... 132
Exercise 1: Upper torso flexibility - "torso twist”.....................................................................................132
Exercise 2: Shoulder flexibility - "windmill”..............................................................................................132
Exercise 3: Shoulder/elbow flexibility - "tarzan”......................................................................................133
Exercise 4: Balance and strength - "partner push”..................................................................................133
B.6 LOWER BODY EXERCISES.............................................................................................................................. 134
Exercise 1: Knee/hip flexibility.....................................................................................................................134
B.7 SWORD-ASSISTED EXERCISES....................................................................................................................... 135
Exercise 1: Grip and gravity-assist wrist rotation.....................................................................................135
Exercise 2: Grip and anti-gravity wrist rotation........................................................................................136
Exercise 3: Forearm & elbow focus.............................................................................................................137
Exercise 4: Shoulder and grip focus.............................................................................................................138
Exercise 5: Shoulder stamina........................................................................................................................139
Exercise 6: Grip and shoulder exercise - "figure "8”..............................................................................140
Exercise 7: Upper torso flexibility - "sword-assisted twist”....................................................................141
Exercise 8: Sword control - "the baton” (optional).................................................................................142
APPENDIX C - AUGMENTING TRAINING.................................................................................................. 143
Aeorbic Endurance.........................................................................................................................................143
Weight Training...............................................................................................................................................145
APPENDIX D - SCHOLLER TEST.................................................................................................................... 148 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 148
1.0 KNOWLEDGE BASE: ........................................................................................................................................ 148
2.0 SKILLS BASE: ................................................................................................................................................... 149 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................................................................... 150
HISTORICAL TREATISES REFERENCED................................................................................................................. 150
CONTEMPORARY SOURCES REFERENCED........................................................................................................... 150
List of Figures Figure 1 Eleventh Century Knight .................................................................................... 33
Figure 2 (left) Armouring of the 12th Century.................................................................. 34
Figure 3 Introduction of the surcoat.................................................................................. 34
Figure 4 Armouring of the 13th Century........................................................................... 35
Figure 5 Armouring of the 14th Century........................................................................... 36
Figure 6 Armouring of the 15th Century........................................................................... 37
Figure 7 Anatomy of the sword ........................................................................................ 40
Figure 8 Strike Angles ...................................................................................................... 69
Figure 9 high guard ........................................................................................................... 71
Figure 10 middle guard ..................................................................................................... 72
Figure 11 low guard .......................................................................................................... 73
Figure 12 hanging guard ................................................................................................... 76
Figure 13 guard of the window......................................................................................... 77
Figure 14 guard of the woman.......................................................................................... 78
Figure 15 long guard ......................................................................................................... 79
Figure 16 tail guard ........................................................................................................... 80
Figure 17 two-horned guard............................................................................................. 81
Figure 18 downward vertical strike .................................................................................. 82
The Art of Longsword Combat – Book #1 NOT FOR RE-SALE Copyright Ó 2001 A.E.M.M.A. 9 6/26/01
Figure 19 the downward strike with "reversed footwork"................................................ 83
Figure 20 the oblique downward strike ............................................................................ 85
Figure 21 the horizontal strike .......................................................................................... 88
Figure 22 the oblique upward strike ................................................................................. 91
Figure 23 the upward vertical strike ................................................................................. 94
Figure 24 sword control - horizontal strike and the "pipe"............................................... 95
Figure 25 cuting exercise with sharps and pell ................................................................. 96
Figure 26 introductio n to s